Poly(I:C) is a double-stranded RNA that elicits an immune response by activating toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Ryuta Koyama, in Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 2020 2.3.2.2 Poly(I:C) administration IL-1R antagonist treatment rescued neurons from poly(I:C) and 6-OHDA toxicity ( Deleidi et al., 2010). The authors also found that the chemokines, MCP-1, and RANTES were significantly elevated in the SN, and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and TGF-β1 were elevated in the dorsolateral striatum of poly(I:C)-induced rats. In addition, it causes a long-lasting inflammatory reaction in the SN and dorsolateral striatum that involves microglia, astrocytes, and perivascular and parenchymal CD68 + macrophages. Single poly(I:C) administration does not cause SN neurodegeneration, but it increases the susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons to a subsequent low dose of 6-OHDA ( Deleidi et al., 2010). It was administered to the SN at a dose of 10–40 μg with microinfusion pumps to induce PD. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid is a TLR3 agonist molecule that was used in a rat model of PD ( Deleidi, Hallett, Koprich, Chung, & Isacson, 2010). Kursad Genc, in Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, 2012 5.3.2 Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
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